What Is Abrasive Tools

Abrasives are tools for grinding, grinding and polishing. Most abrasive tools are artificial abrasive tools made of abrasives and binders, and also natural abrasive tools directly processed from natural minerals. In addition to being widely used in machinery manufacturing and other metal processing industries, abrasive tools are also used in grain processing, paper industry and the processing of non-metallic materials such as ceramics, glass, stone, plastics, rubber, wood, etc.
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Abrasive tool tissue can be roughly divided into three types: compact, medium and loose. Each category can be subdivided and distinguished by organization number. The larger the abrasive organization number is, the smaller the volume percentage of abrasive in the abrasive is, and the wider the gap between abrasive particles, indicating the looser the organization. Conversely, a smaller organization number indicates a tighter organization. Abrasive tools with loose structure are not easy to passivate when used, and generate less heat during grinding, which can reduce the thermal deformation and burn of the workpiece. The abrasive grains with tight structure are not easy to fall off, which is conducive to maintaining the geometric shape of the abrasive tools. The structure of abrasive tools is only controlled according to the abrasive formula during manufacturing, and generally not measured. Super-hard abrasive bonded abrasive is mainly composed of diamond, cubic boron nitride and other bonded abrasive. Due to the high price and good wear resistance of diamond and cubic boron nitride, the bonded abrasive tools made of them are different from the bonded abrasive tools made of ordinary abrasives. In addition to the superhard abrasive layer, there are also transition layers and substrates. The superhard abrasive layer is the part that plays a cutting role and is composed of superhard abrasive and binder. The substrate plays a supporting role in grinding and is composed of metal, bakelite or ceramic materials. The transition layer is used to connect the substrate and the superhard abrasive layer. It is composed of a binder and can sometimes be omitted. Commonly used binders include resins, metals, electroplated metals and ceramics. The manufacturing processes of consolidated abrasives include: batching, mixing, forming, heat treatment, processing and inspection. The manufacturing process varies with the binder. The ceramic bond abrasive tool mainly adopts the molding method. After weighing the abrasive and bond according to the weight proportion of the formula, put them in the mixer, mix them evenly, put them into the metal mold, and form the abrasive tool blank on the press. The blank is dried and then put into the kiln for roasting. The firing temperature is generally about 1300 ℃. When the low melting point sintering binder is used, the sintering temperature is lower than 1000 ℃. Then process accurately according to the specified size and shape, and finally check the product. Resin-bonded abrasive tools are generally formed on a press at room temperature, and there are also hot-pressing processes that use heating while pressing under heating conditions. After forming, harden in the hardening furnace. When phenolic resin is used as the binder, the hardening temperature is 180~200 ℃. Rubber-bonded abrasive tools are mainly mixed by roller machines, rolled into thin sheets, and then punched and shaped with a punching knife; Some also use loose materials and put them into the metal mold to form on the press. After molding, vulcanize in a curing tank at a temperature of 165~180 ℃. There are two manufacturing processes of metal-bonded abrasive tools, powder metallurgy and electroplating, which are mainly used for superhard abrasive bonded abrasive tools. The powder metallurgy method uses bronze and other materials as the binding agent. After mixing, it is formed by hot pressing or pressing at room temperature, and then sintered. The electroplating method uses nickel or nickel-cobalt alloy as the electroplating metal, and the abrasive is consolidated on the substrate according to the electroplating process to make abrasive tools. Special types of abrasive tools include sintered corundum abrasive tools and fiber abrasive tools. Sintered corundum abrasive tools are made by mixing and molding alumina powder and proper amount of chromium oxide, and sintering at about 1800 ℃. This kind of abrasive tool has a compact structure and high strength, and is mainly used for processing parts such as clocks and meters. Fiber abrasives are made of fiber filaments (such as nylon filaments) containing or adhering to abrasive materials. They have good elasticity and are mainly used for polishing metal materials and their products.